1.Head with vertex projecting strongly forward and mouth directed posteriorly below and often partly hidden by prosternum; pronotum margined laterally; larvae dorso-ventrally flattened...........................2
1.Head normal, with the vertex not projecting forward and with the mouth directed forward and downward; larvae not dorso-ventrally flattened.................................................................................3

2(1).Pronotum and elytra with broad marginal expansions, the former often covering head; larvae surface feeders, bearing caudal appendages......................................................................Cassidinae
2(1).Pronotum and elytra rarely with broad marginal expansions; body generally slender; head never covered by pronotum; larvae generally leafminers, lacking caudal appendages.......................Hispinae

3(1).Base of antennae close together on front of head; head with frontal suture usually absent; frons usually narrow, ridged; antennal calli usually present; anterior coxae contiguous, prominent; pronotum margined laterally; larvae free-living, root-feeding or leafmining, more or less cylindrical......................4
3(1).Base of antennae separated by frons or vertex; head with frontal suture usually present; frons usually without ridge, wide; antennal calli usually absent; only in the Clytrinae and a few Eumolpinae are both the anterior coxae contiguous and the pronotum margined laterally.......................................5

4(3).Posterior femora greatly enlarged; head with a mid-cranial suture usually absent............ Alticinae
4(3).Posterior femora not greatly enlarged; head with a mid-cranial suture usually present..........................................................................................................................Galerucinae

5(3).Eyes prominent, head more or less strongly constricted behind eyes; anterior coxae prominent and close or fairly close; pronotum not completely margined laterally................................................ 6
5(3).Eyes generally not very prominent, head not strongly constricted behind eyes; anterior coxae (except in Clytrinae) not close and not very prominent; pronotum usually completely margined laterally............................................................................................................................................8

6(5).Posterior femora large and swollen, often armed with teeth ventrally...................Megalopodinae
6(5).Posterior femora generally not strongly swollen, rarely armed with teeth ventrally.......................7

7(6). Pronotum stout, usually constricted in middle; head strongly narrowed behind eyes; antennae fairly stout; larvae free-living or stem boring, bearing feces...............................................Criocerinae
7(6).Pronotum slender, cylindrical, much narrower than elytra; head hardly narrowed behind eyes; antennae very slender.................................................................................................Megascelinae

8(5).Middle three abdominal sternites constricted in middle; body form subcylindrical; larvae case-bearers............................................................................................................................................9
8(5).Middle three abdominal sternites not constricted in middle; body form more or less ovate or rounded, often strongly convex and constricted anteriorly; larvae not case-bearers...........................11

9(8).Antennae relatively short and serrate; anterior coxae close and prominent or antennal grooves in propleura.......................................................................................................................................10
9(8).Antennae long and slender, not serrate and not lying in grooves; anterior coxae widely separated and not prominent.............................................................................................................Cryptocephalinae

10(9).Propleura without antennal grooves; body surface smooth; anterior coxae contiguous, prominent; larvae often in ant nests......................................................................................Clytrinae
10(9).Propleura with grooves for reception of antennae; body surface very rough or tuberculate; larvae foliage feeders.....................................................................................................Chlamisinae

11(8).Third tarsal segment not distinctly bilobed, entire.............................................Chrysomelinae
11(8).Third tarsal segment distinctly bilobed.................................................................................12

12(11).Pronotum as wide as base of elytra, sides grooved for reception of antennae; abdomen grooved for reception of posterior legs............................................................... Lamprosomatinae
12(11).Pronotum generally narrower than base of elytra, sides not grooved for reception of antennae; abdomen not grooved for reception of posterior legs.......................................................................13

13(12).Fronto-clypeal suture more or less distinct; head exserted; front coxal cavities visibly closed behind....................................................................................................................... Aulacoselinae
13(12).Fronto-clypeal suture not distinct; head hypognathous; front coxal cavities open behind........................................................................................................................... Eumolpinae

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