TENEBRIONIDAE Author: John F. Lawrence, 2001. Classification Suborder Polyphaga, Series Cucujiformia, Superfamily Tenebrionoidea. Description Antenae with 11 or rarely 9 or rarely 10 segments, filiform or moniliform or clavate, or with a 3 to 5 segments club. Antennal insertions exposed or concealed. Visible portion of procoxa transverse or globular or projecting bellow prosternum with the trochantin concealed. Procoxal cavity externally closed or rarely open and internally closed or rarely open. Mesocoxae separated by less than 0.4 X coxal width to more than 1 coxal width, with mesocoxal cavity laterally open to closed. Tarsal formula 5-5-4 or rarely 4-4-4 or rarely 3-3-3. Number of ventrites 5 with 3 connate. Body length 1-35 mm. Body highly variable. Closure of procoxal cavities never involving lateral expansion of prosternal process. Prosternal process almost always curved (elevated) behind coxae. Membrane often visible between ventrites 3-4 and 4-5. Abdominal apex often with paired defense glands. Quick identification Tenebrionidae is a very large and diverse family, which may be mistaken for many other beetle groups, including taxa as distantly related as Carabidae and Curculionidae. As they are now defined Tenebrionidae will include Alleculidae, Lagriidae and Nilionidae. In addition to the 5-5-4 tarsi, most tenebrionids are characterized by having the antennal insertions concealed and the eye at least slightly emarginate (11th figure), procoxal cavities closed behind with the prosternal process slightly curved (elevado) behind coxae (12th figure), and the first 3 abdominal ventrites connate (13th figure). However, there are exceptions to most of these. In the neotropical region, there are several groups of Tenebrionidae with 4-4-4 tarsi, including Pseudesarcus (figure 14), Rhipidandrus (figure 15) and Archaeoglenes (figure 16). The subfamily Lagriinae includes several unusual forms which have 5-5-4 tarsi but differ in other respects. Typical Lagriinae (figure 17) are colorful beetles with lobed tarsomeres. The genus Nilio (figure 18), is endomychid-like and often placed in a separate family. Paratenetus (figure 19) is often confused with Latridiidae or other cucujoids. Genera occurring in Costa Rica Lagriinae: Adelonia, Anaedus, Colparthrum, Epicydes, Goniadera, Lorelus, Meropria, Nevermanniella, Nilio, Opatresthes, Othryades, Paratenetus, Rhypasma, Sphragidophorus, Statira, Uroplatopsis, Xanthicles... Phrenapatinae: Archaeoglenes, Arrhabaeus, Clamoris, Delognatha, Peneta, Phrenapates, Zypoetes... Pimeliinae: Anectus, Armalia, Branchus, Ditaphronotus, Epitragus, Lobometopon, Phegonius, Pteroctenus... Tenebrioninae: Acropteron, Alegoria, Alphitobius, Ammodonus, Antimachus, Blapstinus, Centronopus, Cymatothes, Diceroderes, Helops, Metulosonia, Mophis, Nautes, Opatrinus, Ozolais, Penichrus, Pseudapocrypha, Rhinandrus, Rhipidandrus, Scotobaenus, Tarpela, Tauroceras, Tenebrio, Tribolium, Trichoton, Uleda, Uloma, Ulosonia, Ulus, Wattius, Zophobas... Alleculinae: Allecula, Charisius, Cteisa, Erxias, Hymenorus, Isomira, Lobopoda, Lystronychus, Mentes, Menoeceus, Narses, Pitholaus, Polyidus, Prostenus, Pseudocistela, Temnes, Xystropus... Diaperinae: Adelina, Alphitophagus, Corticeus, Cosmonota, Crypticus, Gnatocerus, Hypogena (= Ulosonia), Iccius, Liodema, Microcrypticus, Neomida, Phayllus, Phaleria, Platydema, Sitophagus, Tyrtaeus... Coelometopinae: Apsida, Blapida, Bothynocephalus, Calydonella, Camaria, Choastes, Cuphotes, Cyrtosoma, Elomosda, Epicalla, Glyptotus, Gonospa, Hegemona, Hesiodus, Hicetaon, Ilus, Isaminas, Isicerdes, Mentes, Mophon, Mylaris, Nuptis, Oeatus, Othryoneus, Otocerus, Poecilesthus, Pseudotocerus, Saziches, Strongylium, Talanus, Xenius.... © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 Antennal insertions concealed and emarginate eye © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 Closed procoxal cavities and curved prosternal process © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 3 connate ventrites © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 Tarsi 4-4-4: Pseudesarcus © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 Tarsi 4-4-4: Rhipidandrus © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 Tarsi 4-4-4: Archaeoglenes © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 Typical Lagriinae: Colparthrum © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 Atypical Lagriinae: Nilio © CSIRO Emtomology, 1999 Atypical Lagriinae: Paratenetus Derechos Reservados INBio. Copyrights INBio