|
|
|
ZOPHERIDAE
Author: John F. Lawrence, 2001. |
|
Suborder Polyphaga, Series Cucujiformia, Superfamily Tenebrionoidea. |
|
Antenae with 10-11 segments, moniliform or clavate, or with a 1 or 2 or 3 segments club. Antennal insertions concealed. Visible portion of procoxa globular with the trochantin concealed. Procoxal cavity externally open or closed and internally open. Mesocoxae separated by less than 0.4 X coxal width to more than 1 coxal width, with mesocoxal cavity laterally closed. Tarsal formula 5-5-4 or 4-4-4. Number of ventrites 5 with 0 or 3 or 4 or 5 connate. Body length 1.2-35 mm. Broadly ovate to narrowly elongate, strongly flattened to highly convex, glabrous, pubescent or squamose. Tarsi 5-5-4 only in Nosoderma, Zopherus, Hyporhagus and Aspathines, all of which have antennal cavities or grooves on underside of prothorax. If procoxal cavities closed behind, prosternal process almost always expanded laterally; prosternal process rarely curved (elevated) behind coxae. Membrane never visible between venrtites 3-4 and 4-5. |
|
The family Zopheridae, as now understood, includes species formerly placed in the families Colydiidae and Monommatidae. Typical Zopherinae are the ironclad beetles in the genera Zopherus (third figure) and Nosoderma. The genus Pycnomerus (first figure) has 4-4-4 tarsi and a 1- or 2-segmented antennal club. The Monommatini (second figure) include more or less lens-shaped beetles with large eyes almost meeting at the top of the head. The eyes combined with the 5-5-4 tarsi will distinguish monommatines from highly compacted beetles in other families such as Chelonariidae and Nosodendridae. However, sometimes the head is deeply inserted into the prothorax, so that the eye character may be missed. Colydiinae vary considerably in form, and four different ones are shown on the figures 4-8. All occurring in this area have 4-4-4 tarsi. Nematidium (fourth figure) is extremely slender and cylindrical for living in tunnels of wood-boring beetles. The unusual genus Monoedus (right) was once placed in a separate family. |
|
Colydiinae: Acolobicus, Acropis, Anarmostes, Aulonium, Bitoma, Colydium, Colydodes, Endestes, Ethelema, Eucicones, Holopleuridia, Lasconotus, Microsicus, Nematidium, Neotrichus, Phloeonemus, Phreatus, Pseudauloniuum, Synchita... |
 |
 |
 |
| Zopherinae, Pycnomerini (Pycnomerus) |
Zopherinae, Monommatini (Hyporhagus) |
Zopherinae, Zopherini (Zopherus) |
 |
 |
 |
| Colydiinae, Nematidium |
Colydiinae, Aulonium |
Colydiinae, Acropis |
 |
| Colydiinae, Monoedus |
||
  |
Derechos Reservados INBio. Copyrights INBio